Political Explorer Alpha
Politics and Elections
Germany: national elections
Descriptive results, not forecasts or causal estimates. Election-specific ballot records remain distinct; only verified official series links permit party-level comparisons.
| Date | Published turnout | Contestants | Election seats | Rules / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 79.1% | 24 | 603 | ||
| 77.7% | 25 | 614 | ||
| 70.8% | 27 | 622 | ||
| 71.5% | 30 | 631 | ||
| 76.2% | 34 | 709 | ||
| 76.4% | 40 | 735Corrected after repeat | ||
| 82.5% | 29 | 630 |
Electoral system and result vintage
Result vintage: Final
Published turnout: 82.5%
Fixed 630 seats; Sainte-Laguë/Schepers allocation and second-vote coverage for party constituency winners. The 5% rule is applied with the three-constituency exception ordered by the Constitutional Court in 2024; national-minority parties are exempt. Rounded published shares do not establish qualification for seat allocation.
- Election date
- Feb 23, 2025
- Vote shown
- Second vote (party-list vote)
- Seat allocation method
- Sainte-Laguë/Schepers
- Base seats under the rules
- 630
- Seats after this election
- 630
- Eligible voters
- 60,510,631
- Voters
- 49,928,653
- Valid second votes
- 49,649,512
The 2025 election at a glance
29 lists stood for election and 7 of them won seats. Published turnout was 82.5%. The list with the most second votes received 22.6% (published).
Lists that won seats or reached 1% of second votes. Upper bar: published share of second votes (%). Lower bar: seats. Bars use one neutral colour; order is by second votes.
- Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands22.6%164 seats
- Alternative für Deutschland20.8%152 seats
- Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands16.4%120 seats
- BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN11.6%85 seats
- Die Linke8.8%64 seats
- Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern e.V.6.0%44 seats
- Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht - Vernunft und Gerechtigkeit5.0%seats: —
- Freie Demokratische Partei4.3%seats: —
- FREIE WÄHLER1.5%seats: —
- PARTEI MENSCH UMWELT TIERSCHUTZ1.0%seats: —
- Südschleswigscher Wählerverband0.2%1 seats
Percent of eligible voters, as published. The selected election is filled; bars start at 0%.
- 200279.1%
- 200577.7%
- 200970.8%
- 201371.5%
- 201776.2%
- 202176.4%
- 202582.5%
Explore the economic conditions surrounding this election.
Research details: complete contestant results
| Ballot contestant (original name) | Second-vote share (derived) | Published vote share | Seat share (derived) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sozialdemokratische Partei DeutschlandsElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 16.413% | 16.4% | 19.048% | Final national election archive |
| Christlich Demokratische Union DeutschlandsElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 22.551% | 22.6% | 26.032% | Final national election archive |
| BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNENElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 11.606% | 11.6% | 13.492% | Final national election archive |
| Freie Demokratische ParteiElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 4.328% | 4.3% | — | Final national election archive |
| Alternative für DeutschlandElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 20.803% | 20.8% | 24.127% | Final national election archive |
| Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern e.V.Election-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 5.97% | 6.0% | 6.984% | Final national election archive |
| Die LinkeElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 8.775% | 8.8% | 10.159% | Final national election archive |
| FREIE WÄHLERElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 1.549% | 1.5% | — | Final national election archive |
| PARTEI MENSCH UMWELT TIERSCHUTZElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.971% | 1.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Basisdemokratische Partei DeutschlandElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.172% | 0.2% | — | Final national election archive |
| Partei für Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz, Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische InitiativeElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.489% | 0.5% | — | Final national election archive |
| Die Gerechtigkeitspartei – Team TodenhöferElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.049% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Piratenpartei DeutschlandElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.028% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Volt DeutschlandElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.716% | 0.7% | — | Final national election archive |
| Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei - Die NaturschutzparteiElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.1% | 0.1% | — | Final national election archive |
| Südschleswigscher WählerverbandElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.153% | 0.2% | 0.159% | Final national election archive |
| Partei für VerjüngungsforschungElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.001% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Partei der Humanisten - Fakten, Freiheit, FortschrittElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.029% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Bündnis C - Christen für DeutschlandElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.024% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| BayernparteiElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.025% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei DeutschlandsElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.039% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Menschliche Welt - für das Wohl und Glücklichsein allerElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.001% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Partei des FortschrittsElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.043% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Sozialistische Gleichheitspartei, Vierte InternationaleElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.001% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| Bürgerrechtsbewegung SolidaritätElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.001% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| BÜNDNIS DEUTSCHLANDElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.154% | 0.2% | — | Final national election archive |
| Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht - Vernunft und GerechtigkeitElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 4.981% | 5.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| MERA25 - Gemeinsam für Europäische UnabhängigkeitElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.014% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
| WerteUnionElection-specific party list · see verified series comparison below | 0.014% | 0.0% | — | Final national election archive |
Derived shares = count / election denominator × 100. Missing seats remain missing, not zero. Rounded vote shares do not determine electoral qualification.
Source: Die Bundeswahlleiterin, Wiesbaden. Source links identify the election evidence.
Compare two elections
Choose a second election to see election-level differences and the two sets of lists side by side.
Party history across elections
Only parties that the Federal Returning Officer's historical results table presents as one series are offered. Each election's list was matched to that table by its exact official second-vote count, never by name.
Select a verified official party series to view its historical chart, observations and CSV export. No party is selected by default.
Explore election-economic historical context
Published annual and monthly observations, verified events and a source-linked timeline. Historical context only, not an explanation of voting behaviour.
Comparing countries
Not available yet: Germany is the only country with authorised election data. A country becomes selectable only once its official data is published in the Atlas; no placeholder values are shown. The comparison view is built and will show two elections side by side — dates, chambers, turnout, seats, lists and each electoral system — without ranking parties or countries. A candidate package for Romania's 2016 Chamber of Deputies election exists in staging; it is not published and needs owner authorisation and unresolved source checks before it can be used.
Sources, provenance and downloads
- Final national election archive
SHA-256: 02e7077f9358c9ef408741ee5d17123a43c28ea766b26a7ab338c08fcaeb7512 · Retrieved: 2026-10-01T23:21:39.584Z
Reuse terms - Historical national results compilation
SHA-256: 9efffc24b559679ade291d8da63462e5523b43ac62064e759737c3ae01418484 · Retrieved: 2026-10-01T23:20:00.007Z
Reuse terms - system-size
SHA-256: a55a7c9a8bee18686fc371d192b1c77a4da4a16071ac9c3412ec1c361bab64d0 · Retrieved: 2026-10-02T10:25:58.261Z
Reuse terms - overhang
SHA-256: 8e2caa0faa45b1dbd8f16abc58e5510f47ced3bb4649587154c9cc0d5bfbdd5c · Retrieved: 2026-10-02T10:26:23.125Z
Reuse terms - threshold
SHA-256: 3019dd70881c4f04e6f3e28175cc346f6a8085d9c3a3634685d79787ff0de5d9 · Retrieved: 2026-10-02T10:33:26.731Z
Reuse terms - system-2025
SHA-256: 92a82c80327d40e877a76b123ec3e0f40f78ebf206e1b1c9575e0e86968eb596 · Retrieved: 2026-10-02T10:25:58.139Z
Reuse terms
Definitions and formulas
Published values (vote share, turnout) are the election authority's own figures and are shown as published.
Derived vote share = a list's second votes ÷ valid second votes × 100. Derived seat share = a list's seats ÷ seats after the election × 100. Derived values are labelled and never replace a published value.
Turnout: Atlas calculation: voters / eligible voters × 100; published turnout retained separately
Result vintage: “final”. A corrected vintage replaces the earlier figures for that election and is stated wherever it applies.
Reuse: each source below links to the publisher's reuse terms; the Atlas redistributes only data whose terms allow it.
Results CSV (all seven elections) · Twelve-store JSON/CSV manifest · Turnout CSV · Electoral-system rules CSV